X0 Beamline:
X0 is located at the end of the UNILAC linear accelerator at GSI, where it delivers ion beams (typically, Ca to U) with energies up to 11.4 MeV/u. There, samples can be exposed to fluences ranging from one single ion up to 1013 ions/cm2. The beamline is equipped with a semi-automated sample exchange system as well as the heavy ion microprobe.
The sample exchange system utilizes so-called magazines, which can automatically and successively expose up to 20 sample holders to the ion beam. Each holder accomodates samples with a maximum irradiation area of 46 mm x 46 mm. This semi-automation allows for high throughput for samples requiring lower ion fluences ( 1 – 1e9 ions/cm2) as well as consecutive irradiations with high fluences (1e10 – 1e13 ions/cm2) for the investigation of irradiation effects.
The system is commonly used for the irradiation of many different materials, including polymer foils, which are subsequently processed (etched) to fabricate etched ion-track membranes. These membranes are used in a wide range of nanoscience experiments, including fundamental research on membranes (such as single-pore sensing and nanofluidics) and nanowires (e.g., electrodeposition of nanostructures). Additionally, the membranes and nanowire assemblies have applications in energy-related fields, including catalysis and thermoelectrics.